The information above is Postman-specific – a request can have arbitrary logic added in the Pre-Request and Tests section of the request and the language that’s supported is Javascript.
Postman is operating at the HTTP layer, so specific languages are abstracted away for the request itself.
I wasn’t able to find any public-facing documentation for the preferred patron API so I can’t talk specifics, but authorization information (tokens, encoded credentials, etc) are usually sent in a request as either a Header or a Parameter. Again, this isn’t always the case but Postman provides you with an easy way to enter that information in the app.
Configuring Request Parameters
If there’s some public-facing documentation, please do let me know